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OVERTIME--August 2003 issue
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Dedicated to reflecting the collective wisdom of enlightened workers.
Linda Featheringill
4651 West 41st Street, Down
Cleveland, OH 44109
(216) 661-0794
lfeatheringill@hotmail.com
August 2003
Volume 4, Number 3
Greetings!
Summer is definitely upon us in the Northern Hemisphere. I didn’t find much information about how the winter is going in the other half of the globe, except that it seems to be raining a lot in West Australia. Perhaps some of the residents of the Southern Hemisphere will let us know how their weather compares to previous seasons. At any rate, enjoy yourselves and take care. -- Linda Featheringill
Lying about Iraq
An unwinnable war in Iraq and the deceit that led to it have destroyed the credibility of the prime minister.
"Now does he feel/ his secret murders sticking on his hands;/ now minutely revolts upbraid his faith-breach;/ those he commands move only in command,/ nothing in love: now does he feel his title/ hang loose about him, like a giant's robe/ upon a dwarfish thief."
Thus Angus spoke of the Scottish usurper Macbeth, whose ambition led him deep into a river of blood. Less poetically, Clare Short, Mo Mowlem and Robin Cook are saying much the same of their former cabinet colleague. I predicted before the war that Iraq would be the political death of Tony Blair, and it is now almost Shakespearean how the pain from his self-inflicted wounds is written across his face. It is as if he is physically diminishing before our eyes as his authority bleeds into the sands of Iraq.
Each new day brings another stab at Blair's credibility: former cabinet members in public, current ministers in private, using the round of summer parties to distance themselves from the fading king. From Hans Blix, the BBC and the press, from two former heads of the joint intelligence committee and now, perhaps fatally, from across the Atlantic, fall blow after hammer blow. Suddenly, comparing the two main war leaders to wolves - which has got me into such difficulty with the Labour hierarchy - seems very tame indeed.
Always traveling light on ideological baggage, never having won or wanted the affection of the Labour clan, Blair's main asset was his "Trust me, I'm a regular guy" reputation. Now it is gone and will never be recovered.
That Iraq was lynched by Bush and Blair has become plain as a pikestaff. Take the saving of Private Jessica Lynch. Said at first to have been shot and held hostage by Iraqi doctors, and now revealed to have been in their care after a road traffic accident, her story serves as a metaphor for the mendacity so deep and treacly-black it might be an oil sump: from the 45-minute warning to the banks of the Niger and the sweepings of the internet floor.
In their occupation of Iraq, the US and British armies have entered the gates of hell. Soon it will be 100 degrees at midnight in Baghdad, but there will be no respite from the need for full body armour. In two weeks, armed attacks on coalition forces have nearly doubled to 25 per day. More than 200 have been wounded and over 40 killed in combat since "victory" was declared by President Bush. Morale among US forces is dropping towards Vietnam-type levels, with heavy drug consumption, and commanders turning a blind eye to the prostituting of Iraqi women. No doubt the spectre of troops "fragging" overly strict officers is on their minds.
So hot is the welcome to these "liberators" that the US has now evacuated its forces from both the vast campus of Baghdad University and from the hub of the sharpest armed action, in Fallujah. The latter gives the lie to the repeated calumny that those fighting the occupation are merely "Saddamist remnants". In truth, Fallujah is the heartland of the Jubbur tribe, arch-enemies of Saddam whose leaders were purged by the Takriti Ba'ath party bosses more than a decade ago.
No fighting in this area could take place without the Jubbur, so it must be more than nostalgia for the old regime that is fuelling it. Throughout the Calvary of Vietnam, resistance was routinely described as coming from unrepresentative "hardline elements" or outside the country's borders. The deeper Johnson and Nixon sank into the quagmire, the more they spread the war, to neighbouring Cambodia and new killing fields. Look out for "hot pursuit" operations in the months to come into Syria, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Iran.
In Vietnam, the Americans installed a succession of puppet governments in whose name they could claim to be fighting. Though as bereft of electoral legitimacy as a Jeb Bush Floridian plebiscite, the Vietnamese juntas had a social base. Yesterday's jokers, the "Iraqi Governing Council" - handpicked by Iraq's US governor, Paul Bremer - make South Vietnam's General Thieu look like an authentic national leader. Without hundreds of thousands of foreign troops, they would be swept away in a gale of derision.
Iraqis want Britain and America out of their country - that much is abundantly clear. Only independently supervised elections to a constituent assembly can produce Iraqi leaders fit to face the outside world and rebuild their country.
Tony Blair can run around the world on grand diplomatic tours. He can bask in the adulation of the Republican right in the US Congress. But he cannot hide from the fact that he has lost the plot at home. He has entered that twilight which saw the departure in tears of Mrs. Thatcher in a taxi from the Downing Street she once bestrode like a colossus.
The foreign affairs select committee was wrong when it said the jury was out on the Blair war. Both the public and the Labour movement jury have already returned its verdict of guilty. Mr. Blair will soon exit the political stage; it would be better t'were done quickly.
[George Galloway, The Guardian (London), July 14, 2003. Galloway is Labour Member of Parliament for Glasgow Kelvin (Scotland). Contributed by P.E.N., Colchester, England, UK.]
Those who do not learn from history . . . .
US President George W. Bush, his cabinet members, and military heads talk about the war against terrorism possibly lasting for years and years. Is it any wonder then that the Thirty Years’ War bubbles up out of history as a comparison? It was, incidentally, the last war on the European Continent motivated by hatred, particularly the religious variety.
Hostilities began in Prague, Bohemia (today’s Czech Republic) in 1618, deep within the Holy Roman Empire. Protestants there broke into the royal palace, captured a pair of Catholic commissioners and their secretary, and threw them out the window. That event came to be known as the "Defenestration of Prague." (Defenestration is the act of throwing something or someone out of a window.)
This act had a dire consequence - a three-decades-long war between Protestants and Catholics that ended in 1648. Historians dubbed that conflict the Thirty Years’ War. It was filled with battles in different communities around Europe, mostly in what is Germany today.
A little more and three and a half centuries later (2001), fundamentalist Muslim extremists in the pay and cause of terrorist Osama bin Laden high-jacked US commercial jet planes and crashed them into the World Trace Center Towers. Thousands of people died, some by falling out of the windows! This started the war on terrorism. This is also a conflict brought about by hatred, with at least an element of religion: Muslim extremists versus Christians, Jews, and all other Muslims.
During the Thirty Years’ War, some people tired of the conflict and it petered out. Soon, though, another nation would joint the conflict, rekindling the war’s seemingly endless brutality and destruction. Could the same thing happen in the war on terrorism?
A heavy toll was exacted on the combatants in that long-ago war. What is now Germany lost close to half its population and nearly that much of its agriculture, business, and institutions. The US will undoubtedly have to endure more pain and suffering, building attacks, more casualties, vehicle crashes, and biological infections. And the US won’t be the only target.
In the earlier war, new combatants brought with them new reasons for conflict. To be sure, religious hatreds persisted, but they took second and third place - behind political maneuvering and the desire for new territory. Proof of this change was, for example, when a Catholic allied itself not with co-religionists but with Protestants.
An extended war on terrorism will also bring in new combatants. Bin Laden’s group is not the only one out there, even among extreme Muslims. As other countries are attacked, they are likely to join the fray. If this happens, the focus of the war is very likely to change. Greed and ambition are likely to become the primary motives for fighting.
Perhaps the war on terror won’t last three decades and history won’t repeat itself.
[James C. Sullivan, Indiana, USA]
War is not good for children and other living things
Eileen Egan, in her last book before her death, Peace Be With You, plainly stated, Modern war does not merely interrupt, but reverses every work of mercy."
[Cited by Jim Reagan in The Catholic Worker (New York), June-July 2003.]
Wars never solved any problems of the ordinary people such as hunger, poverty, proper health care, access to education, housing, etc. In fact, they have brought the opposite - death, deprivation and the necessity to rebuild war-torn lands. That’s because wars are never about ordinary people.
We have no quarrels with the common people of Iraq or Afghanistan or any other area. We actually have a lot in common. We all want peace and security for our families and a chance to participate in a share the production of wealth. Nobody wants to see starving or homeless people.
War is the natural and inevitable consequence of the economic system under which we live and toil. Its competitive nature, its greedy necessity to accumulate capital, to continually grow and expand wherever there is a chance to profit, leads to conflict over strategic territories, areas rich in resources and rights and routes of trade. This has created a series of armed camps with the boundaries of countries used as the line in the sand.
It has also necessitated huge expenditures on armed forces and their equipment - close to $800 billion last year - to protect the interests of those who own the means of product but do not produce - the capitalists. When those interests are sufficiently threatened, or perceived to be, war usually results.
When we have a system that works for everyone, when the means of production and distribution of wealth are owned and operated by and in the interests of all, we will be able to use the huge sums that are now wasted on war for humans needs.
[Leaflet distributed recently in Toronto by members of the Socialist Party of Canada. Reprinted in Socialist Standard (London), July 2003.]
-- Hermann Goering
ECOLOGY
The only way we can preserve the earth is to grant every living entity what it needs to thrive and take from it only what it can afford to give.
Phoenix, Arizona USA. When the sun shines all year long, as it does here, a heat wave is a heat wave only if things get really toasted. This week, the toast has burned to a crisp.
On Monday [July 14], the temperature soared to 116 degrees F [about 46 degrees C], a record for the date, it dropped only 96 degrees F [about 35 degrees C], making it the hottest night in Phoenix history. On Wednesday, the high temperature was 117 degrees F.
The average high so far for July of this year is 111 degrees F [about 44 degrees C].
[From an article by N. Madigan for the New York Times, July 19, 2003.]
A combination of unrelenting heat and drought played havoc across much of southern Europe for another week. Rivers reached their lowest levels in 100 years across parts of Italy, where officials imposed a 100-euro fine for watering plants. The drought also threatens to destroy much of this season’s crops in several countries. Three tons of dead fish floated on an Austrian lake after lack of rain caused a surge in waterborne ammonia levels. Wildfires blackened large stretches of Albania, Corsica, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, in part because of tree diseases from last year’s floods and the current dry spell. Some areas along the Mediterranean saw the highest use of air conditioning on record because of the heat, threatening power blackouts. Drinking water supplies in many Italian communities are within days of running out with no significant rain in sight.
Conditions across much of Europe have raised concerns that climate change may be making the continent a far drier and warmer place to live. German climatologist Mojib Latif warned that southern Europe will be in for extended droughts and heat waves over the next 50 years. He believes the Alps will lose their snowcaps as the "snow limit" shifts to northern Scandinavia. The current spate of heat and drought has brought rivers from eastern German to Italy to record low levels. Drought threatens to cause widespread power blackouts due to the lack of hydro-electric resources.
[Steve Newman, Earthweek: A diary of the planet, July 18 and July 25, 2003.]
Again: Why did I have to read about this is a foreign newspaper?
The Bush administration has vowed to fight on after plans to drill for oil in an Alaskan wildlife sanctuary were set back in the Senate. The White House is turning its attention to the House of Representatives in hopes of salvaging a key part of its energy strategy.
Senate Republicans fell two votes shy of passing the legislation that could lead to removal of a 43-year-old ban on developing millions of barrels of oil from the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR, sometimes pronounced "anwar").
"We continue to press about ANWR because that one small spot is believed to have the ability to produce more oil than the entire state of Texas," Interior Secretary Gale Norton said.
The Interior Department estimates 5.7 billion to 16 billions barrels of oil are in the refuge, enough to produce 1.4 millions barrels a day. Opponents argue the refuge feasibly might produce no more than 3.2 billions barrels of oil.
The House still may revive the issue as part of its energy bill.
A common theme among the environmentalists who listened to Ms. Norton’s speech was the worry that President George Bush’s policies catered to industry and shortchanged wildlife such as caribou, musk oxen, polar bears and migrating birds at the Alaska refuge.
Ms. Norton said her department was committed to conservation but tight budgets demanded creative thinking and cooperation to preserve wildlife and their habitats.
[Associated Press, in The West Australian, March 31, 2003. Contributed by Gogglesworth, Australia.]
Gogglesworth also sent in an interesting article about a new commercial composting company in West Australia. The firm will collect household waste, turn it into compost, and sell the end result as a soil additive to gardeners and farmers. Gardeners in the US fervently support the use of compost instead of commercial fertilizers. This new company could help the environment in two ways: use up trash and help diminish the use of the fertilizers that pollute our water systems.
This and that
You Might Be A Fascist
(With apologies to Jeff Foxworthy, who has a comedy act based on the characteristics of southern US country bumpkins or "rednecks.")
If you think your values are the ONLY acceptable values, you just might be a Fascist.
If you resent everybody who is different from you, you could be a Fascist.
If you blame all your problems on a specific "out" group (liberals, homosexuals, people of other races), there’s a good chance you’re a Fascist.
If you think that individual freedom is a luxury we can’t afford, then it’s likely you’re a Fascist.
If you think that symbols (such as the flag) are more important than reality, you’re probably a Fascist.
If you think that war is a good idea in general, just to be on the safe side, you’re almost certainly a Fascist.
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If you think that criticizing The Leader is inherently traitorous, there’s little doubt that that you’re a Fascist.
If you say things like, "If you’re not with us, you’re against us," you’re definitely a Fascist.
Fascists don’t always wear brown shirts, toothbrush moustaches, and the twisted cross. Sometimes they wear red, white and blue. And cowboy hats. And regular crosses.
[Stephen Van Eck, in Freethought Perspective, July 2003.]
State financial crisis
The financial health of US state governments has reached the worst point since World War II, and is likely to get worse.
Revenues are down. Individual income taxes are down because incomes are down. Sales taxes are down because people don’t have the money to buy as much as they used to. Corporate income taxes are down because companies are making less money because sales are down.
Unemployment causes a drop in individual income taxes. Re-employment at lower wages (which is very common) causes a permanent drop in these taxes.
The number of people living at the bottom of the economic heap is growing.
One of the greatest burdens of the various states is funding medical care for people who cannot afford to buy health insurance - Medicaid. States spend about 20 percent of their total budgets on Medicaid. The amount spent on Medicaid grew 13 percent in 2002 and has already grown 8 percent this year.
The only solution for the state governments is increased taxes and restricted services.
Economists and government officials talk about a "slow recovery." What recovery? Recovery for whom?
I don’t think there is a recovery. I think we’re being lied to.
[L.F., Ohio, USA. Information drawn from an article by D. Russakoff, Washington Post, June 27, 2003.]
Unemployment and overtime
The official unemployment rate in the US hit 6.1 percent in May. There are now 9 million workers officially declared unemployed. Another 4.8 million are working part-time because they can’t find full-time jobs. At least 1.4 million workers have become too discouraged to continue job hunting.
In reality, then, 15 million US workers or unemployed or under-employed.
Nearly half of these jobless workers have exhausted their unemployment benefits and are left with no source of support but emergency food programs, homeless shelters, and soup kitchens. The already gutted welfare system covers poor children very meagerly and usually doesn’t cover adults at all.
Even as the army of unemployed worker is growing, the average work week continues to grow. Millions of workers are putting in 50 or more hours a week, with much of the time over 40 hours unpaid. Another 7.4 million workers are holding down 2 or more jobs to make ends meet.
The average European worker puts in the equivalent of 9 weeks a year less than the average US worker.
[Industrial Worker, July/August 2003. Contributed by P.S., Illinois, USA.]
Interest rates
A disaffected Hong Kong pensioner set fire to his life savings because he was so disgusted at the bank's low interest rates, reports Ananova.
Chan Pak-yu realised that HSBC had paid him only GBP 1.37 interest on an account containing GBP 27,000. Interest rates in Hong Kong are extremely low because the country is suffering from deflation.
Police officers managed to prevent Mr. Chan from incinerating more than GBP 1,600, but he refused to re-invest the money and took it home.
[The Guardian (London), July 22, 2003.]
Credit - A brief history
Credit is practically as old as human civilizations. Farmers have traditionally borrowed money for seeds and supplies in the spring and paid it back after the harvest. But widespread availability of consumer credit, especially for nonessential luxury good, is a newer phenomenon. Some major milestones:
1856: I.M. Singer & Co. began offering sewing machines for $5 down plus monthly payments of $3 to $5. It’s easy to see why - a good sewing machine cost at least $65 but the average annual income was around $500. By 1876, Singer had sold more than a quarter million, about as many as all its competitors combined.
1872: D.H. Baldwin Co. in Cincinnati began selling pianos on credit, enabling it to become one of the leading piano purveyors in the country. It launched an innovative policy of encouraging customers to spend more than they could afford in cash to get a Steinway on installment.
1890: American Express introduced the Traveler’s Check.
1919: General Motors Acceptance Corp., one of the first automobile financing companies, was established.
1927: Ford began selling cars on installment. More than half the cars purchased in the country were bought on credit.
Late 1930s: Wanamaker’s Department store began offering revolving credit. Other retailers soon followed.
1949: A group of New York businessmen formed Diner’s Club, the first card that could be used at more than one retail establishment.
1958: Bank Americard, which later became Visa, was introduced by Bank of America in California. By the 1960s, it was licensed by banks across the country and rivals introduced the Master Charge.
Late 1960s: Bank card companies began mass mailings of ready-to-use credit cards - not just offers - to people who never said they wanted one. The practice was banned in 1970.
1989: the Federal Reserve’s triennial survey of consumer finance showed, for the first time, that more than half of all families - 56 % - had credit cards.
2002: McDonald’s began taking credit cards.
2002: Credit card debt alone amounted to an average of $8,940/household.
May 2003: Total outstanding consumer credit [not including home mortgages] was $1.76 trillion. Credit card debt totaled $720 billion.
[The Plain Dealer (Cleveland), July 27, 2003.]
Rights? What rights?
Laws authorizing executive orders to take away all citizens’ rights are already in place. The president can invoke any or all of these, without seeking approval from anyone. These include:
--Seizing control of all communication media
--Seizing control of all electric power, fuels and minerals
--Seizing control of all institutions related to health, education, and welfare
--Seizing control of all airports and aircraft
--Seizing control of all railroads, waterways and public storage facilities
--Registration of all persons
--Mobilization of all civilians into work brigades under government supervision
--Relocation of any population.
All of these executive orders were combined into one order, EO11490, by former president Nixon. A declaration of a National Emergency will bring them all into effect immediately.
[From Verde, Arizona Newsletter (USA). Contributed by S. B., Maine, USA.]
A SOCIALIST’S ENCOUNTER WITH A CHRISTIAN (RELIGIOUS FANATIC)
(It is Sunday morning and Christians are coming from early church worship).
Christian: How are you? Did you not go for Sunday morning church service?
Socialist: No I didn’t and I don’t. I am a socialist.
Christian: What do you mean by a socialist and does that mean you cant go to church to worship the Almighty God?
Socialist: A socialist is a supporter of real socialism. To be a socialist is to have a scientific approach and complete understanding of the world we live in and at the same time, work towards changing it for the good of mankind. A socialist approaches the manifest problems of the world we encounter today by way of reason and logic and not by faith and prayers as many religious people like you Christians do.
Christian: What then is socialism, because it seems it was tried in former USSR and it failed.
Socialist: Socialism: By dictionary interpretation, it is that philosophical, political and economic theory that land, transport, the chief industries, natural resources e.g. coal, water-power, etc. should be owned and managed by the state or public bodies and wealth equally distributed.
But to a Socialist, socialism means: The establishment of a system of society based upon the common ownership and democratic control of the means and instruments for producing and distributing wealth by and in the interest of the whole community. Where each person contribute to society according to that individual’s ability and takes from society according to that individual’s self determined needs.
No rulers and ruled. No Governments or states and no frontiers, no money buying and selling.
So you see this type of society has never been established even in the USSR you talk of, as this was state capitalism.
Christian: Then what is capitalism?
Socialist: In fact it is the present organization of society that is based on sale and profit and the related harsh competition. Society with Rulers and Ruled. A class divided society where there are two conflicting categories namely the workers-who work without earning and the capitalists and rulers who earn, by depending on the toils of the workers, without working.
Christian: It is a good idea but without prayers and worshipping God and his son Jesus Christ you will never achieve it. The evils in society are caused by the sinful nature of man and not capitalism and unless people turn to God and prayer and confess their sins, society will remain full of evil.
Socialist: My friend. You should be quite aware that God and all gods exist only in people’s minds. God is simply an idea, a thought. So there is no way such attitude can change positively society we are living in rather than making us submissive to it. Actually present society is in itself an environment for ‘sin’ and there is no way you put people in ‘sin’ and at the same time start telling them to stop ‘sinning’.
Christian: So you don’t believe in God. You don’t also believe in salvation by Jesus Christ who died on the cross for our sins, repentance, a life after death, resurrection and heaven?
Socialist: Correct. I don’t believe in all that stuff. There is no life after death unless you want to assume that we are now dead and that when we die we will be alive-that is if you want to interchange the two words and put in your ‘faith’ in such.
Christian: So if you don’t believe in the existence of God how do you think the Universe came into being? Don’t you also believe in the Bible as a word of God. So you have never read the Bible?
Socialist: I don’t and can’t claim to know everything ever to be known but the universe might have ever been there and if you explain the coming into existence of the universe by God how do you explain the coming into existence of God? As for the Bible, I have ever read it word by word. As I told you that god is an idea that exists in our (or better put it, your) mind there is no way such could publish a book produced scientifically through the publishing industry by the works of real people. Moreover as a Socialist, I am not out to fight religion and religious people like you. I only oppose religion since it is used as a tool by capitalists to harness the oppression meted on workers.
I argue that the privilege of sitting under a tree, or some sort of church or whatever, and contemplating infinity is to be the order of the day once we have ensured that every belly on this planet has had sufficient food to eat and all the other basic human needs unlike as it is today. This cannot be achieved as has never been achieved by whatever faith and prayers you put in to whatever gods you worship.
[Weijagye Justus, Uganda, who can be reached at jkweijagye@yahoo.com]
Language. Maybe they would like some Freedom Fries with that?
[I copied this from the internet, so don’t blame me for the spelling. - LF]
OK, mes amis, this is guerre.
The French government has issued a formal linguistic edict banning "e-mail" from the French language. Serieusement. The Culture Ministry has officially prohibited the word in all government ministries, documents, publications, and even Web sites. Pas de e-mail. Interdit. From now on, instead of e-mails, all French men and women will send and receive un courriel. Mon Dieu, it is an abbreviation for courrier électronique and probably seems rather clever up there in the Ministry of Culture. Is that where they transferred Inspector Clouseau?
Does anyone think in an era of instant global communications that any language - let alone une belle langue comme francais - can remain pure in isolation? Évidemment, oui.
To remain the same and forever pure these days a language must die. Not a whole lot of new words are creeping into the Latin dictionary anymore. Languages are not stuffy old castles with tall walls, guard towers and a Ministry of Moats to remain isolated from the outside world - especially from English, the SARS of language.
Adding new words and adapting the old invigorate the palette of any language. C'est dommage but the pragmatic language that proves most versatile will dominate in the Darwinian world of communications. C'est la vie. And la mort.
English has surpassed French as the de facto international language because of the ubiquity of American economics, the U.S. military and, bien sur, American culture, especially movies and music largely, like, California-based. Also, if la vérité be told, being a nuclear power just sounds a lot stronger than having a force de frappe.
Deep in their coeurs, French officials know this. Every day the French have les meetings before using le cash to order a la carte from McDonald's and rendezvous at a cinema matinee. Banning e-mail and Walkman (it became baladeur) simply won't cut the moutarde.
Of course, we could have a little tête-à-tête to plot retaliation against word-banning fromage-lovers. We could give carte blanche to a special commission to ban French from English - omelet, café, cuisine, nom de plume, maitre d', croissant, encore, even Paris, Texas. Give French the coup de grâce. But then our lives and conversations would lack that mucho grande Champagne fizz.
[Editorial, New York Times, July 23, 2003.]
Next month: We’d love to know what you think. These are our usual classifications:
-- Open - questions, comments, tirades, etc.
-- RSVP. React to previous statements.
-- The ecology.
-- Clippings from newspapers, etc.
On the Web:
Overtime is included in the website of Socialism for a Real Labor Union at:
socialismmarxdeleonforarealunion.org
[Socialism Marx DeLeon for a real union]
Money.
Overtime is free, but there are expenses and any help with these would be appreciated. Please make checks payable to Linda Featheringill and mail to me at 4651 West 41st Street, Down, Cleveland, OH 44109. Contributions will be acknowledged in the next issue, or you can remain anonymous if you wish.
Finances at the end of July 2003:
Balance---------------------9.23
Contributions--------------75.00
Supplies and stationary-----3.84
Copying--------------------35.29
Postage--------------------33.68
Total expenses-------------72.81
Balance--------------------11.42
Contributions: S. Brooks 20.00, Anon. 10.00, N. Wilgus 5.00, Anon. 40.00.
And, to Everyone, thank you, thank you, thank you.
Linda Featheringill.